Navigation at sea

Compass and course

The compass is the most important navigational instrument on board. A magnetic compass points towards magnetic north, which deviates somewhat from geographic north. This difference is called misrepresentation and varies depending on where in the country you are. The misalignment must be corrected when you transfer course between chart and compass.

Nautical chart

A sea chart shows depth conditions, waters, obstacles and navigation marks. The Mapping Authority publishes official charts for Norwegian waters. Important elements to understand:

• Depth number indicates depth at low tide
• Basic areas are marked with blue tones
• Lights and marks are drawn in with standard symbols
• The Failways show recommended sailing directions

Always use updated sea charts and check corrections from the Norwegian Mapping Authority.

Lateral marks

Lateral marks mark the sides of the fairway and show where it is safe to travel.

The main rule is red on return — red marks are kept on the port side when you sail in from the sea.

Cardinal marks

Cardinal marks indicate on which side of the mark there are safe waters. They are marked according to the celestial directions north, south, east and west with characteristic black-yellow color patterns and top figures.

Electronic navigation

GPS and chartplotter are useful aids, but should never replace traditional navigation with a compass and chart. Electronics can fail, and a good boat driver must be able to navigate without electricity.

Navigation is a central syllabus for the boat driving test . Also read about maritime laws and speed restrictions at sea . Test yourself with free theory test .