Brakes and brake system
Learn about the car's braking system, ABS, and the difference between disc and drum brakes.
The brake system is the car’s most important safety system. You must understand how it works to pass the theory test and to drive safely.
Types of brakes
| Type | Location | Characteristics |
|---|---|---|
| Disc brakes | Usually front wheels, often all four | Effective heat conduction, good braking performance |
| Drum brakes | Rear wheels on older cars | More affordable, but withstand less heat |
| Parking brake | Rear wheels | Mechanical or electric, keeps the car stationary |
ABS – anti-lock braking
ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) prevents the wheels from locking during hard braking. This means you maintain steering control even during full braking. ABS is standard on all new cars and works by pulsing the braking force several times per second.
With ABS, you should press firmly on the brake pedal and hold the pressure. Do not pump the brakes as was done on older cars without ABS.
Brake fluid
Brake fluid transfers pressure from the pedal to the brake pads. The fluid absorbs moisture over time, which lowers the boiling point. Therefore, the brake fluid must be replaced at regular intervals, usually every other year. Check the level as part of [daily checks].
Braking distance and speed
The higher the speed, the longer the braking distance. The braking distance increases with the square of the speed – double the speed, and the braking distance quadruples. Read more about the relationship in the article on [braking distance and reaction time].
Brakes and tires
The brakes only work as well as the tires allow. Worn tires or incorrect air pressure reduce the effectiveness of even the best brakes. Therefore, always check [tire types and tire requirements] along with the brakes.
Further reading
- [Oil levels and fluids] for more on brake fluid and other important fluids
- [Driver assistance systems and technology] about electronic assistance systems
- [Positioning, speed, and distance] for safe following distance
- [Winter driving and slippery conditions] about braking on slippery surfaces
Read next
More in Class B course
Accidents involving vulnerable road users
Special procedures and considerations for accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.
Accidents, reporting and first aid
Checklist for safe handling of accidents and proper notification.
Adapted speed and hidden danger
What adjusted speed means in practice, and how you anticipate hazards you cannot see.
Age limits and practice driving
Everything about age limits for class B and what is required for private practice driving with a companion.