Braking technique on different surfaces

Braking distance varies greatly depending on the surface you are driving on. Proper braking technique means adjusting pressure, timing, and method according to the conditions.

Braking distance on different surfaces

See calculation of stopping distance for the formulas behind the numbers.

Braking technique by surface

Dry asphalt

• Full braking with ABS gives the shortest braking distance.
• Keep the brake pressed and let the ABS system work.
• You can simultaneously steer away from obstacles.

Wet asphalt

• Brake firmly and steadily, but be prepared for longer stopping distance.
• Watch out for the risk of hydroplaning at high speed.
• Tracks in the road collect water and increase the danger.

Gravel

• ABS can give longer braking distance on loose gravel because the tires do not dig in.
• Brake early and gently.
• Read more in driving on gravel roads .

Ice and snow

• Brake gently and early; hard braking causes skidding.
• Combine with engine braking in a low gear.
• ABS helps, but braking distance is still long.
• See driving on slippery surfaces for detailed techniques.

ABS and braking

ABS (anti-lock braking system) prevents the wheels from locking so you maintain steering control. The system is most effective on solid surfaces like asphalt, but can result in slightly longer braking distance on loose surfaces.

• With ABS: press the brake hard and hold.
• Without ABS: brake with pulsing pressure to avoid wheel lock.

Read more about the system in brakes and braking systems .

Further reading

• Hill driving and inclines
• Skidding and correction
• Tire types and tire requirements
• Driving on slippery surfaces