Electric car and hybrid car in traffic
What you need to know about electric cars and hybrid cars for the theory test, from braking to charging.
The share of electric and hybrid cars in Norwegian traffic is increasing sharply. On the theory test, you may be asked about the special characteristics of these vehicles and what considerations you as a driver must take.
The difference between an electric car and a hybrid car
| Powertrain | Engine | Fuel |
|---|---|---|
| Electric Vehicle (BEV) | Electric motor only | Power from battery |
| Plug-in hybrid (PHEV) | Electric + Internal Combustion Engine | Power & bensin/diesel |
| Hybrid (HEV) | Electric + Internal Combustion Engine | Bensin/diesel, charging itself |
A plug-in hybrid can drive a shorter distance on pure electricity, while a regular hybrid uses the electric motor as support.
Regenerative braking
Electric cars and hybrids use regenerative braking. When you release the accelerator, the electric motor acts as a generator, slowing the car down while charging the battery. This means that:
- Braking starts immediately when you release the throttle
- Brake lights can come on automatically in case of strong regenerative braking
- Technology contributes to lower fuel consumption
Quiet engine and risks
An electric car is almost silent at low speed. This creates an additional risk of:
- Pedestrians and cyclists who cannot hear the car
- Blind and partially sighted people in pedestrian crossings and crossing points
- Children playing in residential areas
New electric cars are required to AVAS (Acoustic Vehicle Alerting System) which emits sound at speeds below 20 km/h.
Charging and range
- Home charging is usually done via type 2 socket or regular socket
- Fast Charging uses CCS or CHAdeMO connector and can charge to 80% in 20-40 minutes
- Cold weather reduces range by up to 30-40%
- The use of air conditioning and cabin heating noticeably affects the range
Torque and acceleration
Electric motors deliver full torque from zero rpm. It provides quick acceleration but requires you to dose the accelerator pedal carefully, especially on slippery roads where wheel spin can occur. Electronic Stability Control helps, but does not replace careful driving.
Further reading
- Eco-friendly driving on eco-driving techniques
- Fuel consumption and CO₂ on emissions and consumption
- Daily inspection of car also applies to electric cars
- Vehicle safety systems for an overview of modern assistance systems
Read next
More in Class B course
Accidents involving vulnerable road users
Special procedures and considerations for accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.
Accidents, reporting and first aid
Checklist for safe handling of accidents and proper notification.
Adapted speed and hidden danger
What adjusted speed means in practice, and how you anticipate hazards you cannot see.
Age limits and practice driving
Everything about age limits for class B and what is required for private practice driving with a companion.