First aid in a traffic accident
Overview of the most important steps you must follow when you arrive at a traffic accident.
The Main Principle — Secure, Alert, Assist
In any traffic accident, you always follow the three steps in order. The order exists because new accidents and delayed help can dramatically worsen the situation.
| Step | What You Do | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Secure | Turn on hazard lights, place warning triangle | Prevent further collisions |
| Alert | Call 113 in case of personal injury | Get professional help on the way |
| Assist | Provide first aid according to your own skills | Stabilize the injured until the ambulance arrives |
Prioritization of the Injured
When multiple people are injured, prioritize according to severity:
- Unconscious who are not breathing — start cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately
- Unconscious who are breathing — place in recovery position
- Severe bleeding — stop bleeding with pressure
- Shock and minor injuries — keep warm, calm, monitor
What You Should Never Do
- Do not move an injured person unless there is a risk of fire or explosion
- Never remove a helmet from motorcyclists without training
- Never give food or drink to seriously injured
- Never attempt to straighten obvious fractures
Duty to Assist in Traffic
According to the Road Traffic Act § 12, everyone involved in or witnessing an accident has a duty to help. Driving on without stopping is punishable. The duty applies even if you are just passing an accident scene.
Emergency Numbers You Must Know
| Number | Service |
|---|---|
| 113 | Medical emergency (EMCC) |
| 112 | Police |
| 110 | Fire department |
Read more about what to say when you call 113 .
Typical Pitfalls on the Theory Test
- Many think you should alert before securing — wrong, securing always comes first
- Forgetting that the duty to assist applies to all road users, not just those involved
- Confusing the order of emergency numbers — 113 is health, 112 is police
Further Reading
- Learn the correct technique for recovery position
- Understand the rules for securing accident scenes
- See how to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Read about shock and symptoms you should recognize
- Review the rules for warning triangle and placement
Read next
More in Class B course
Accidents involving vulnerable road users
Special procedures and considerations for accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists.
Accidents, reporting and first aid
Checklist for safe handling of accidents and proper notification.
Adapted speed and hidden danger
What adjusted speed means in practice, and how you anticipate hazards you cannot see.
Age limits and practice driving
Everything about age limits for class B and what is required for private practice driving with a companion.